The “Exhibition of Citriculture” was held in Beit Dagon, Israel, from May 21 to June 20, 1956. A special exhibition under the 1928 Convention, it was recognized by the 36th General Assembly of the BIE on November 8, 1955, and took place within the framework of the Fourth International Congress of Mediterranean Citrus Growers. Its theme was citrus, and it occupied a site of 55 hectares.

Israel won the right to host the congress two years earlier. In May 1954, the third conference of Mediterranean citrus growers, meeting in Algiers, unanimously approved a resolution to hold the next meeting in Israel. The Jewish Telegraphic Agency reported that the motion was introduced by the Spanish delegation, representing the leading rival of Israel's citrus growers. The 1956 Expo drew 250 to 300 delegates from more than 20 countries, among them Spain, France, Morocco and Tunisia, along with the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Brazil, so that both exporting and importing countries were present.

The exhibition was divided into three sections. The first presented national production, with exhibitors including the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture, the Citrus Marketing Board and agricultural research stations; the second covered the machinery and materials used in citrus growing; and the third was devoted to exports. Subjects such as essential oils, citrus products and equipment were discussed. Israeli newsreels recorded congress sessions at the Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv, with addresses by congress president Zvi Isaacson and Agriculture Minister Kadish Luz and a banquet with speeches by Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett, as well as a closing ceremony at Yad Weizmann in Rehovot. For Israel, Expo 1956 Beit Dagon offered, in the BIE's words, "an opportunity to forge long-lasting, trading cooperation."